Direct lithium extraction has been touted as a way to reduce mining impacts in South America, but experts warn it may not be ready for large-scale deployment.
Mining companies are promoting new technologies that they claim can extract more lithium from the region's vast salt flats with lower environmental impacts.
More research is needed to determine the feasibility of large-scale deployment.
Environmentalists and scientists are concerned that the technology could worsen freshwater depletion in the region, which is already scarce.
Author's summary: Lithium extraction faces scrutiny over water use and environmental impacts.